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Some can be found in the Free and Premium tracks of the Season 4 Battle Pass. When this happens, players on both teams experience intervals of floaty low gravity.Įmbrace your inner space cadet! Plenty of Starwatch skins can be claimed during the Overwatch 2 Starwatch event. Plus, when the fight reaches the last capture point, the gravity on the starship will go into failure. Revive your fallen teammates or choose to respawn away from the fight.īoth sides can break the gravity cannisters scattered around the map, unleashing mini-vortexes that pull everyone in the area to its center of gravity. Meanwhile, as an Infinite soldier, you have powerful turrets that appear around each Capture Point when an enemy team approaches. See the world through Elizabeth’s eyes in BioShock. Part 2 is required to play and is available at no additional cost. BioShock Infinite required sold separately. If you fight for the Watchers, you will have a Doomfist (aka "Bonebreaker") NPC fighting on your side. If you own the BioShock Infinite Season Pass, DO NOT purchase this content here as you will be charged again. Defend against invaders or push through on the attack to reach the final capture point. In the new Starwatch game mode, there are now four Capture Points instead of two. You might recognize this starship as the previous Lunar Colony map from the olden days. Overwatch 2 Starwatch Limited-Time Game ModeĮxclusively during the Overwatch 2 Starwatch event, you can play the Starwatch limited-time game mode in the Arcade playlist! Join up with either the Watchers or the Infinites (or choose to be a Mercenary who plays either side) in this 4v4 Capture the Point game mode. Edit: of course they are not as long as the base game, but they will add quite a bunch of hours of gameplay and fun (even more if you are a completionist). Bioshock Infinite: Season Pass angekündigt - Drei DLCs zum Preis von 20 Euro um 11:46 Uhr von Andreas Link - Kurz nachdem 2k Games den Goldstatus von Bioshock Infinite verkündet. Stay airborn in low gravity for 4 seconds Season pass includes Burial at Sea 1 and 2 and Clash in the Clouds. Here are all the Overwatch 2 Starwatch Event Challenges and how to unlock the Wrecking Ball skin: Complete certain Event Challenges to unlock free Starwatch-themed cosmetics, including a free Asteroid Wrecking Ball Epic Skin. Who doesn't love getting a free skin? During the Overwatch 2 Starwatch event, you can complete Event Challenges by participating. Starwatch went live in Overwatch 2 on May 9 and will end on May 22, 2023. Ultrasound-operated tools make this minimally- or non-invasive surgery technique, which is often also called incisionless, possible today. It is possible to selectively remove certain tissue areas with the help of focused ultrasound – and with a completely contactless procedure (Figure 3). Further application examples using therapeutic ultrasound are cartilage therapy, the administration of drugs through the skin and cosmetic treatments. These include methods which use focused, but also unfocused, ultrasound – for example tissue ablation, targeted drug delivery, the ultrasound-assisted dissolution of blood clots (thrombolysis), or the fragmentation of kidney stones (lithotripsy). By using piezoceramic ultrasonic transducers, minimally- or non-invasive and gentle treatment methods, with improved therapy success, can be realized. In this case, therapeutic ultrasound refers to a group of methods in which ultrasound is not only a means of diagnosis but also the core element of therapy itself. Ultrasound opens new and innovative therapeutic possibilities that improve or even substitute many established procedures: Minimally invasive, and gentle treatment methods with improved therapy success and fewer side effects, can be realized using piezo components. In addition to cavitation, power ultrasound can cause changes in material or even destroy it, which is used, for example, in medical applications, but also in industrial material processing or ultrasonic cleaning. For example, the stable cavitation is applied in medical imaging when gas-filled microspheres are used as an ultrasound contrast medium. These physical effects of cavitation are used for various medical applications. © PI | Figure 2: Cavitation in liquids caused by ultrasonic waves. In this case, very high forces and pressures are released in the form of shock waves and extremely high temperatures of several 1,000☌, as well as flashes of light can occur temporarily (Figure 2). The resulting high tensile and shear forces between the zones cause the fluid medium to be ripped apart creating gas-filled cavities.ĭepending on the frequency and sound force of the applied ultrasonic sound waves, two different states can occur for the cavitation: 1) a stable cavitation with small oscillating gas bubbles, i.e., they pulsate with the rhythm of the ultrasonic sound frequency and with that increase or decrease in size and 2) an instable cavitation, where such a high ultrasound power is used that the cavitation bubbles expand so much that they finally implode. These are created when acoustic sound waves generate rarefaction and compression zones with locally higher and lower material densities in a medium. The ultrasonic waves generated by a piezoelectric transducer can be used in fluids to generate so-called cavitation bubbles. Piezo ceramics generate power ultrasound by using the piezoelectric effect to transform high frequency electric energy into mechanical and vice versa. If it exceeds 10W/cm 2, we speak of power ultrasound, which often shows frequencies in the range of 20kHz to 800kHz. The intensity of the sound describes the power that hits a certain surface. In industry and research, ultrasound is mainly used in measurement technology, where sound waves with low power are used. A prominent application example in medical technology is the use of ultrasound for diagnostic imaging techniques. Ultrasonic waves, which cannot be heard, lie in the frequency range from 20kHz to 1.6GHz, which equals 16 billion cycles per second. It’s followed by the hearing range, which reaches up to 20kHz. Infrasound, the sound humans cannot hear, lies at frequencies below 16Hz. © PI | Figure 1: Frequency range of sound. In fact, implicit functions such as that of a circle, an ellipse or a hyperbola are all very good candidates for this. Since Desmos has its interface in Cartesian coordinates by default, it’s only natural that one would use it to plot equations expressed in terms of $x$ and $y$. In which case, just know that the $\le$ symbol can be obtained by typing out and = , again in that order. In some occasions, it might be necessary to use the $\le$ and $\ge$ symbols to define a function accurately. Note that Line 1 and Line 2 are equivalent. Which should produce the following figure: The sign function. The same goes other Greek Letters such as $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\tau$ and $\phi$. $\pi$ can be obtained by typing pi, and $\theta$ by theta.The Division line can be obtained by typing / (i.e., backslash).The Multiplication symbol can be obtained by typing * ( Shift 8 on US keyboards).To that end, we have provided a partial list of common symbols supported in Desmos - along with their associated commands: Preliminariesīefore doing any graphing though, we need to first learn how to type out a few math symbols that are frequently sought for. In what follows, we will illustrate how each of them can be graphed in Desmos - one step at a time. On the other hand, it can also be construed as an umbrella term encompassing a plethora of mathematical objects such as explicit functions, implicit functions, parametric equations and polar curves. When it comes to graphing, equation is one of those first words that comes to mind. See the cursor? That’s where most of the magic happens! Equations In what follows, we will see how to we can use Desmos to graph equations, functions and inequalities of different forms, before introducing some bonus features such as graph segmentation, simultaneous graphing and animations! Desmos’ user interface. What is the single word people think of when they hear online graphing calculator? Graphing of course! Indeed, this is something that Desmos does incredibly well - despite having a user interface that appears to be deceptively simple. Indeed, if at the end of the module you still find the scope of Desmos’ functionalities unappealing, then - and only then - shall we concede defeat and return to our ivory tower for more advanced Buddhist meditation training! On the other hand, if you’re just way too lazy to read the 12-page Desmos user manual, and are looking for more concrete examples to kick-start the creative process, then this one is for you too! Don’t believe in the mighty power of Desmos? Good job! Because it’ll then be our duty to beg to differ, and attempt to convince you otherwise. Instead, it is probably better known as an innocent-looking math tool for the scientifically-minded, making applied math ever more palatable and entertaining! As Greek-mythology-inspired as it sounds, Desmos actually has nothing to do with the giant monster responsible for turning Mount Olympus into rubble through the wrath of infernal flames. And it comes with a funky name as well: Desmos. In particular, there’s a certain education startup out there, relentlessly seeking to hijack our Internet browsers and mobile devices into a - should we say - graphing extravaganza. Sure, while programmable calculators in general are still pretty much popular these days, the graphing calculators from the 21 st-century are also coming in waves as we speak - potentially disrupting the market of scientific computing and educational technology. Think you’re fond of of graphing and computing stuffs? Great! Because you might remember this thing called the Texas Instrument TI-83 from the old days. (2) When you buy the wrong item, the item doesn't fit, or you don't want the item, the item you return need to be brand new. (1) When the item is defective, the item was sent in error, damaged in transit, or otherwise defective,It can not work once you receive it. Item conditions that allow returns Brand new Item, returns must include all accessories, Items must include original packaging Returns will be allowed only with prior authorization, and must be made within 30 days after package delivery. Shipping time will be highly depended on the courier company and local customs/duties. Note: We hope it arrive on time but since this is an international delivery, ī) Items will be checked carefully before sent out.Ĭ) We will use air bubbles to wrap the items carefully.Ī) Ships within 48 hours on working days after received the payment.ī) The shipping time is about 5-7 days via DHL, UPS, 5-10 days Via Fedex, 7-10 days via EMS, 7-30 days via Post to Worldwide This package will be sent by DHL, Post, Fedex, EMS or UPS. Separate scopebox module allows for remote GDS/EuroPad display viewing via a single USB cableĬontains the highest sampling rate in the industry to better catch even the smallest glitchĪ) Items will be sent to all the countries over the world. Playback at different speeds to assist in examination & analysis In-built square wave signal generator guarantees the verification of accuracy and calibrationĪll saved waveforms can be recorded, saved and printed Waveform auto-set up on all of the 4 channelsĮach channel can act autonomously, allowing for a clean signal with no interferenceĬontains a selection of standard ignition adaptersĮxtremely fast capture of "glitch" occurrences with advanced triggers Pulse Width - the signal's duty cycle or time intervalĪrray - the repetition characteristics of the signalĬontains an integrated library of standard waveforms The scopebox can record and display electrical signals and their waveforms, as well as compare and examine them according to pre-determined parameters. This helps you save time when running a vehicle diagnostic, and also reduces the costly expenditure spent on unnecessary replacement parts. These signals can then be analysed by the Scopebox, which may reveal whether or not there are actually any faults with the sensors, actuators, circuits or electronic control units. The Launch Scopebox allows you to transform your Launch X431 GDS or X431 Europad into a 4 channel Lab Scope, which can quickly identify, locate and isolate suspect & intermittent signals. The customers can choose the products according to their own requirement. Sensorbox can be connected to X-431 GDS main unit via USB data cable. Click to perform voltage test, resistance test or frequency test (This function utilizes the same hardware device as sensorbox). Meanwhile, X-431 GDS also integrates automobile Multimeter, by which, you can perform voltage, resistance or frequency test. It can transform all kinds of running parameters, such as vehicle speed, coolant temperature, engine RPM, air flow, throttle opening, etc., into the electronic signal for vehicle computer which can optimize the engine running status based on the above-mentioned parameters to keep the engine working in a prime status. It provides an optional function of "Sensor Simulation", this function include "DC voltage simulation", "Fixed frequency simulation", "Predefined waveform simulation" and "Hand-drawing waveform simulation". There is no way to set the geometry, since that property is read-only.Launch X-431 X431 GDS Description: X-431 GDS is a new generation of state-of-the-art integrated vehicle diagnose product with a color LCD developed by LAUNCH. It shows how to retrieve the scope box bounding box from the scope box element geometry. Look at this discussion on setting view section box to match scope box: Please raise a wish list item for this in the Revit Idea Station for all your wishes, or vote for an existing wish.įor this issue, we have 'Create Scope Boxes by the API':ġb. Your workaround sound like the best solution for now. Afaik, you cannot programmatically create scope boxes, cf. How do you resize scope boxes in code? We know how to clone them and move them, but not resize.ġa. How can you create a new scope box through the Revit API? We have a work-around where we copy existing scope boxes and change their dimensions, but don’t have a way to create a new scope box from scratch.ī. Tricky question that I just recently had a look at.Ī. The series took part in such world-threatening multi-series crossovers as Secret Wars II (1986), The Fall of the Mutants (1988), Inferno (1988), and Acts of Vengeance (1990). In addition, they frequently face big-league villains, such as the fearsome mutant known as Saber-tooth. During these adventures, the team is frequently at odds with their father’s former boss, who becomes a supervillain whose name is calculated to strike fear into the hearts of children: Bogeyman. The Powers also have a number of adventures with Kofi, the son of White-mane, the source of the group’s powers. Franklin, who becomes an honorary team member, adopts the supermoniker “Tattletale” because of his ability to see events from five minutes in the future, thus “telling on” bad guys before the fact (he also frequently quarrels with the headstrong Katie). The group eventually expands to encompass a nonfamily member, four-year-old Franklin Richards, the son of the Fantastic Four’s Mr. Power Pack evidently found its unorthodox audience right away though originally conceived as a miniseries, Marvel quickly decided that the concept was strong enough to sustain an open-ended monthly series.ĭuring the first half of Power Pack’s run, the kids’ adventures don’t involve their parents, who were at first entirely ignorant of their children’s superheroic double lives. While Power Pack’s unusual content may have put the series at a competitive disadvantage in terms of sales, it provided seven years of highly original comic book storytelling. The reason for the distinctiveness of Brig-man’s illustrations may have been her relative un-familiarity with the comics medium prior to working on Power Pack being largely unacquainted with the conventions and clichés of the superhero genre, she wasn’t enslaved by them. Brigman’s art had a gentle, expressive, and whimsical quality that brought Simonson’s words and imagery to vivid life. Simon son’s scripts blended fairy tales with science fiction and children’s books (the evil alien Snarks, for example, were straight out of Louis Carroll), juxtaposing the backdrop of outer space with the real-world setting of New York City, and presented relatively realistic characterizations of children and their sibling relationships. As the oldest of the siblings, Alex becomes the group’s natural leader, carefully looking out for the younger kids (especially the emotionally volatile Katie, to whom Julie often refers affectionately as “Katie-bear”).Īlthough many enthusiasts of the era’s traditional superhero fare (primarily adolescent males) disdained Power Pack, younger readers, and those who were themselves the parents of small children, found the series enchanting. To prevent this, Whitemane gives twelve-year-old Alex the power to make objects lighter or heavier (hence his superhero name “Gee,” as in gravity) bestows superspeed upon ten-year-old Julie (“Lightspeed”) confers upon eight-year-old Jack the ability to expand and contract his body’s molecules, thus enabling him to alter his body’s density at will (and justifying his nickname “Mass Master”) and empowers five-year-old Katie with the ability to unleash powerful energy blasts from her hands (she calls herself “Energizer,” thanks to the inspiration of a well-known television commercial). James Power, who had invented a technological device that the Snarks sought to possess. Alex, Jack, Julie, and Katie Power are the children of Margaret Power and Dr. Power Pack is the tale of a quartet of siblings, four young children who receive superhuman abilities from a benevolent, horse-like alien named Aelfyre Whitemane, who with his sentient spaceship seeks to thwart the invading reptilian Snarks. But Power Pack, created in 1984 by Marvel Comics writer-editor Louise Simonson (an alumnus of such Warren horror magazines as Creepy and Vampirella), and artist June Brigman (also known for her work on Supergirl for DC Comics and the syndicated Brenda Starr newspaper strip), followed a decidedly different trajectory. Power Pack (pop culture)ĭuring the early 1980s, mainstream superhero comics such as Frank Miller’s Daredevil were becoming increasingly “gritty” and “hard-boiled,” a trend of escalating violence that would reach its apotheosis with such series as Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (also by Miller, 1986) and The Punisher (1986). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The instructions (shown above) say to double-click on the sparse bundle but when I did that nothing special happened that I could see. (When repairing a sparse bundle, the messages won't appear in the center area of the screen so click the Log icon in the toolbar, or select Window > Show Log from the Menubar to display them.)īecause I dragged the sparsebundle to Disk Utility with no problem. Drag the sparse bundle into the lower part of Disk Utility's sidebar and select it. Then mount the sparse bundle by opening the TC in the Finder and double-clicking on the sparse bundle. To Repair the sparse bundle on a Time Capsule, connect via an Ethernet cable if you can it will be much faster.In the meantime, today, I read about repairing the backup as you suggested and now have the MB connected by ethernet to TC and running the repair. There are error messages and perhaps you know what they mean. Stopping backupd to allow ejection of backup destination disk!Įrror: (-8062) SrcErr:NO Copying /Volumes/Susans Archive/TechTool Protection/Susans HD/Directory Backup -15-34-00 to /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/Susan's MacBook/-082918.inProgress/92B54B12-8FBD-4606-B5D5-1EDBBF581F96/Susan s Archive/TechTool Protection/Susans HDĬopied 35132 files (3.8 GB) from volume Susans Archive. * -: Device not configuredĮrror: (-36) SrcErr:NO Copying /Volumes/Susans Archive/TechTool Protection/Susans HD/Directory Backup -15-34-00 to /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/Susan's MacBook/-082918.inProgress/92B54B12-8FBD-4606-B5D5-1EDBBF581F96/Susan s Archive/TechTool Protection/Susans HD Here is the TM Buddy report for that run:Ĭopied 368.0 MB of 5.7 GB, 41 of 1016 itemsĬopied 820.0 MB of 5.7 GB, 41 of 1016 itemsĬopied 1.2 GB of 5.7 GB, 72 of 1016 itemsīulk setting Spotlight attributes failed.Ĭopied 1.6 GB of 5.7 GB, 79 of 1016 itemsĬopied 2.0 GB of 5.7 GB, 79 of 1016 itemsĬopied 2.5 GB of 5.7 GB, 80 of 1016 itemsĮrror: (-8084) SrcErr:YES Copying /Library/Application Support/TechTool Protection/Susans HD/Volume ist to (null)Ĭopied 2.8 GB of 5.7 GB, 3187 of 3187 itemsĬopied 5637 files (2.9 GB) from volume Susans HD.Ĭopied 2.9 GB of 5.7 GB, 28088 of 28088 itemsĬopied 3.2 GB of 5.7 GB, 35132 of 35132 itemsĬopied 3.6 GB of 5.7 GB, 35132 of 35132 itemsĮrror writing to backup log. Yesterday I saw the "deep traverse" message I mentioned. I had assumed no problem with the backup since I did an ethernet connection and fresh backup a couple of days ago. That shouldn't be necessary, unless there are other problems with her system. Leopard was by updating, not a fresh install so there may be some carryover that is not good. What you think? The change from Leopard to S. I am thinking I need to reformat her drive and install a fresh system (Snow Leopard) for her. Time Machine - Troubleshooting (or use the link in *User Tips* at the top of this forum). Repair her backups (and any other drives being backed-up) and It sounds a bit like either a corrupted file or folder. Is the TC still connected to her Mac via Ethernet? If not, try it that way, to rule out WIFI/interference problems. Does it ever get to the point of starting to actually copy? You need to figure out why it's doing that "deep traversal," and why it's not completing it. With my wife's computer, even though I did a fresh backup of her computer to Time Capsule (meaning that I deleted the sparsebundle and started freshly - ethernet connection, completed backup without errors) nonetheless, subsequent backups are constant (never stop) and TM buddy says that there is "deep transverse" going on. The second is that the Palestinians themselves – as ordinary human beings – remain a largely unknown quantity in the west. The first is that Palestinian history, when it is told, tends to be done as part of Israeli history. While the UN move might be seen as a diplomatic coup for Palestinians, it nevertheless serves to underline two interrelated problems. This year marks the first time that the UN has announced that it will commemorate Nakba Day, which also marks the creation of the state of Israel. It has designated as terrorist organisations six leading Palestinian organisations at the forefront of efforts to hold Israel to account – including through legal challenges being pursued at the International Criminal Court.Įxpert analysis of the birth of the state of Israel and the plight of the Palestinian people. These have been documented and recognised as such by several international human rights organisations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.Īlong with widespread arrests of Palestinians since its launch, Israel has also taken punitive measures against Palestinian civil society. The unity uprising called for a Palestinian popular mobilisation in the struggle against Israel’s settler-colonial rule and practices akin to apartheid. So far in 2023, 96 Palestinians have been killed during the first four months of 2023. A record high of 204 Palestinians were reportedly killed in 2022, making it the deadliest year for Palestinians in the West Bank since 2005. In 2021, 313 Palestinians including 71 minors were reportedly killed in the Gaza Strip and West Bank (including East Jerusalem) by Israeli security forces. The 75th anniversary of the Nakba comes at a critical and dangerous juncture that has seen a relentless escalation in Israeli violent interventions against Palestinians in the occupied territories and Gaza, which began with the unity intifada (or uprising) in 2021. The most notorious of these is Itamar Ben-Gvir of the far-right Otzma Yehudit party. The violence has only been exacerbated by the return to power at the end of 2022 of Benjamin Netanyahu in an alliance with extremist religious-nationalist Israeli factions and ultra-nationalist politicians. The rest are in the occupied territories, the Gaza Strip and Israel, where they have been subject to discrimination and outbreaks of communal violence. Today, more than 60% of the estimated 14.3 million Palestinians are displaced. The 1948 Palestine war, which led to the creation of the Israeli state, left Palestinian society leaderless, disorganised and scattered. And they see it in the regular violations of their human rights, both inside Israel and in the “occupied territories” and Gaza Strip.įor Palestinians worldwide, the Nakba is remembered as a traumatic rupture that represents their humiliating defeat, the destruction of Palestinian society and severance of links with their homeland. They experience it in the continuing Israeli annexation of their land and attacks launched regularly against their homes in Gaza. What Palestinians call “ongoing Nakba” still generates suffering, destruction of homes and loss of Palestinian lives. They are also marking the fact that the Nakba did not end in 1948, but continues in different forms to this day. Nor just the destruction of more than 400 villages and towns and the killing of thousands others. When Palestinians commemorate the Nakba (the catastrophe) on May 15, they are not only remembering a violent historical event that took place 75 years ago which led to the uprooting of over 750,000 Palestinians from their homeland. By Dina Matar, SOAS, University of London | – If they were so much better off under democracy and capitalism, why were they dying in such numbers? We now know that this decline was largely driven by massive increases in alcoholism among men. I remember in high school wondering how freedom-loving, liberal-democratic Russians could have a life expectancy of 65 in 1994, already four years shorter than in the final years of Communism. Signs abounded that the narrative the American public was fed was missing something. We heard tales of an American-style liberal democracy rising from Communism’s ashes, not the dispiriting mobster rule that Russian citizens were enduring. If he rules until 2030, his tenure will have matched Stalin’s, and he may appreciate the parallel.Įven Americans now acknowledge that in the decade after the Soviet Union’s collapse, Russia did not achieve an idyllic end of history. Putin waxed in popularity during the 2000s because he brought order and ended chaos for the common people. Finally, the reemergence of a strong central state was a shift back to the traditional pattern Russians had known, not some authoritarian innovation suddenly imposed upon a populace that cherished the Rights of Englishmen. In the West, oligarchs like the late Boris Berezovsky were seen as bulwarks of liberalism and free speech, but Russians widely viewed them as corrupt gangsters plundering public resources with impunity and living above the law. But it wasn’t that simple in Putin’s country. His suppression of a violent Islamist rebellion in Chechnya-the suppression proving incredibly violent, in turn-his persecution of the oligarchs, and his ideology of a strong and muscular state were viewed in the West as evidence of a sinister turn, an end to our dream of a liberal-democratic Russia. This is the ship of state and society that Putin righted. Yeltsin’s descent into alcoholism and personal chaos paralleled the hedonistic anarchy of 1990s Russia. Yeltsin had been a reformer during Mikhail Gorbachev’s time, but as the leader of the Russian Federation in the 1990s he oversaw the rise of oligarchs who came to dominate a society riddled with corruption, while the state became a cat’s paw for Western social engineers experimenting with neoliberal economics. On December 31 of that year, Yeltsin resigned, and a then-obscure Vladimir Putin became president. Geopolitically, it was all quiet on the Russian front until the 1999 NATO intervention in Kosovo, when Boris Yeltsin objected to the West’s move against Serbia, a historical Russian ally. In the 1990s, Russia faded from the American consciousness, with such occasional newsworthy events as internecine violence during the 1993 constitutional crisis or its 1998 financial collapse. That it was now officially called the Russian Federation was just a footnote. Almost overnight, “Russia” was no longer a vast nation-state that stretched from Europe to the Pacific, enfolding within its frontiers everything from chunks of Eastern Europe to Afghanistan, but a more modest, albeit still massive, country. Despite Ronald Reagan’s optimistic rhetoric about defeating the “evil empire,” the rapidity of Communism’s collapse and the dissolution of the Soviet Union came as a shock. The Cold War had its ups and downs, but Americans tended to see the American–Russian rivalry as a permanent fact of the geopolitical landscape. And a national rivalry was seen as such an eternal condition that the original Star Trek, set centuries in the future, had a Russian character, Pavel Chekov, to indicate a rapprochement between the two great powers. In 1985’s Rocky IV, Dolph Lundgren’s Ivan Drago is a towering figure of Russian muscle, the perfect villain for Sylvester Stallone’s plucky American underdog, Rocky Balboa, to face off against and defeat. The abstract rivalry between global alliances and ideologies, between First World capitalism, and Second World Communism, was the concrete battle between Americans and Russians. This is how a prominent Stalin expert could refer to his subject as the “ Red Tsar.” Despite being the bulwark of international Communism, the Soviet Union, by the time Joseph Stalin led it in the 1930s, was for all practical purposes the heir of the Russian Empire. Though Russians were only 50 percent of the population of the Soviet Union, Russian language and culture dominated the USSR. But in the United States, what we really talked about wasn’t the Soviets or the Communists so much as the “Russians,” conflating the dominant Soviet ethnicity with the whole nation. For many of us Cold War kids, the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc, and the battle between capitalism and global Communism were just background conditions of our youth. When Firestone Wray first moved to Arizona, “one of the first people I met on the tennis court was Sandra Day O’Connor. Firestone Wray is active in civic and charitable pursuits, including being Co-Chairperson of the Sandra Day O’Connor Institute for American Democracy. They met in 1961 on the tennis court and have been friends since. Firestone Wray soon found out that this meant more responsibilities for her as the Justice asked Firestone Wray to take on some of those duties. Firestone Wray spoke extensively about their friendship–their respective children, and public service with the Justice “before 1981,” when Justice O’Connor’s elevation to the Supreme Court ended “twenty years of wonderfulness.” Then, O’Connor had to drop her public service obligations in Arizona. Gay Firestone Wray is Justice O’Connor’s lifelong friend and she is committed to building and maintaining the legacy of the justice. She is a legend and somebody that I will never, never, ever forget.” Gay Firestone Wray: “She’s our friend, but she is beyond that. Scott Bales, who took turns reflecting on Justice O’Connor variously as a friend, wife, mother, visionary, mentor, her legacy, and yes, one of our greatest legal minds. Moderated by Patricia Lee (“Trish”) Refo, the panelists comprised Gay Firestone Wray, Hon. She is the subject of books and of the Sandra Day O’Connor Institute for American Democracy. In addition, this lawyer, legislator, state judge, and Supreme Court Justice, is the author of five books and fifty-two published articles. She wrote 645 opinions during her 24 years on the Supreme Court. President Ronald Reagan nominated O’Connor and she was confirmed unanimously by the Senate and sworn in as the first female justice on September 25, 1981. Thereafter, she was elected to a Superior Court judgeship in Maricopa County where she served until 1979, when she moved on to the Arizona Court of Appeals in Phoenix. When she rose to the position of majority leader, she was the first woman in the United States to occupy such a position. They have three sons: Scott, Brian, and Jay.Ī Republican, she was elected to the Arizona Senate in 1969. Upon her graduation from law school, she married John Jay O’Connor III, a classmate. She received undergraduate and law degrees from Stanford University. Sandra Day grew up on a large family ranch near Duncan, Arizona. She was known for her balanced and dispassionate opinions. Sandra Day O’Connor was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. This distinguished panel-including friends, two former justices of the Arizona Supreme Court who were her former law clerks, and a former President of the ABA-spoke about her extraordinary humanness. But not as many know about her as a friend, mother, wife, mentor, legislator, and private citizen, especially before she became a Supreme Court Justice. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor needs no introduction. |